![]() Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could result in long-standing symptoms, most importantly cough. Of all these conditions, cough variant asthma, GERD, and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) are called the pathogenic triad, and they constitute 90% of cases.Very rare conditions include cardiac arrhythmias, aortic aneurysm, cough only when supine (due to a collapse of large airways), following complex involuntary tics (Tourette syndrome), and vitamin B12 deficiency (probably due to sensory neuropathy).Non-respiratory causes are GERD, recurrent aspiration, left ventricular failure, mitral stenosis, pulmonary infarction, and psychogenic cough, which is a diagnosis of exclusion.Other upper airway conditions to be ruled out are chronic tonsillar enlargement, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), laryngeal problems, and foreign bodies in the large airways.Other respiratory causes include bronchiectasis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), primary or secondary lung tumors, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis. ![]() Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis are bleomycin, busulphan, methotrexate, carmustine, amiodarone, cyclophosphamide, and hydralazine.Drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta-blockers, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Environmental factors include smoking, both active and passive this is the most frequent environmental factor.The most common respiratory causes of a chronic cough include postnasal drip, postinfectious, and asthma. ![]() EtiologyĬauses of a nocturnal cough can be categorized as respiratory, non-respiratory, and systemic. However, still, more information is needed regarding cause-effect relationships and longitudinal trends of nocturnal cough in asthma. Marsden et al reported that the parameter of nocturnal cough could be a valid indicator for asthma control. In asthma, symptoms usually worsen at night and cause awakenings affecting the quality of life. Īsthma is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease with nocturnal cough as one of the presenting features. This cough reflex has neuroplasticity in such a way that hypersensitive response is triggered over time because of the cough itself causing chronic irritation and inflammation and leading to tissue remodeling. Nocturnal cough is distressing and may cause disturbances in sleep. Women tend to have a chronic cough more often and have heightened cough reflex sensitivity compared to men. Impairment or absence of the coughing mechanism can be dangerous and even fatal in disease.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |